The effective rate on the Corporation’s loss before income tax differs from the expected amount that would arise using the statutory income tax rates. A reconciliation of the difference is as follows:

The significant components of the Corporation’s deferred income tax are as follows:

The following reflects the balance of temporary differences for which no deferred income tax asset has been recognized:

As at December 31, 2018, the Corporation had approximately $63,230 in losses available to reduce future taxable income. The benefit of these losses has not been recorded in the accounts as realization is not considered probable. These losses may be claimed no later than:

The Corporation has approximately $20,096 of unclaimed scientific research and development expenditures, which may be carried forward indefinitely and used to reduce taxable income in future years. The potential income tax benefits associated with the unclaimed scientific research and experimental development expenditures have not been recognized in the accounts as realization is not considered probable.

The Corporation also has approximately $3,832 in non-refundable federal investment tax credits which may be carried forward to reduce taxes payable. These tax credits will be fully expired by 2038. The benefit of these tax credits has not been recorded in the accounts as realization is not considered probable.